Ratios of K-shell to other L, M, or N shell internal conversion probabilities for various nuclides have been prepared.
2.
However, the s states in the L, M, and N shells ( i . e ., the 2s, 3s, and 4s states ) are also able to couple to the nuclear fields and cause IC electron ejections from those shells ( called L or M or N internal conversion ).
3.
There are a few radionuclides in which the decay energy is not sufficient to convert ( eject ) a 1s ( K shell ) electron, and these nuclides, to decay by internal conversion, must decay by ejecting electrons from the L or M or N shells ( i . e ., by ejecting 2s, 3s, or 4s electrons ) as these binding energies are lower.
4.
The Band and Band-Raman calculations assume that the M shell may contribute to internal conversion to a non-negligible extent, and incorporates a general term ( called " N + " ) which takes into account the small effect of any higher shells there may be, while the R�sel calculation works like the Band, but does not assume that all shells contribute and so generally terminates at the N shell.
5.
The PJTE theory of ferroelectricity in ABO3 crystals was expanded to show that, dependent of the number of electrons in the d n shell of the transition metal ion B 4 + and their low spin or high spin arrangement ( which controls the symmetry and spin multiplicity of the ground and PJTE active excited states of the [ BO 6 ] center ), their ferroelectricity may coexist with a magnetic moment ( multiferroicity ).
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